藥物警戒
美國通報長期使用氯吡格雷未改變患者總體死亡風險
美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局(FDA)曾于2014年11月16日發(fā)布藥物安全性通訊,提示初步試驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示長期抗血小板治療的患者有臨床獲益,但非心血管死亡風險升高。因此FDA針對長期抗血小板治療開展了評估工作。評估結果未發(fā)現(xiàn)氯吡格雷對冠狀動脈疾病患者或具有冠狀動脈疾病風險患者的總體死亡率存在良好或不良影響的證據(jù),也未發(fā)現(xiàn)對癌癥影響的證據(jù)。長期使用血液稀釋藥物波立維(氯吡格雷)未升高或降低心臟病患者或具有心臟病風險患者的總體死亡風險。此外,雙重抗血小板治療(DAPT)1試驗和多項其他臨床試驗的評價結果也未表明氯吡格雷增加了癌癥或癌癥所致死亡的風險。
FDA同時提示由于可能導致心臟病發(fā)作和血栓風險升高,故患者不應停用氯吡格雷或其他抗血小板藥物。如果對氯吡格雷有任何疑問或顧慮,請咨詢醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士。醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人士在開始治療前應考慮現(xiàn)有抗血小板藥物的獲益和風險。
在雙重抗血小板治療(DAPT)的大型臨床試驗中,為了研究報告的氯吡格雷治療后死亡和癌癥相關死亡風險的升高,F(xiàn)DA審查了DAPT試驗及可獲得有關死亡率、癌癥所致死亡或將癌癥報告為不良事件等數(shù)據(jù)的其他大型長期氯吡格雷臨床試驗的結果2-13。DAPT試驗在行藥物洗脫冠脈支架放置術患者中,將接受雙重抗血小板12個月治療(氯吡格雷[波立維]或普拉格雷[Effient]聯(lián)合阿司匹林)與30個月治療進行對比。與接受氯吡格雷12個月治療的患者相比,接受30個月治療的患者心臟病發(fā)作和支架血栓形成的發(fā)生率降低,但主要由癌癥或外傷所致的死亡率升高。
FDA進行了薈萃分析,對其他多項長期臨床試驗的結果進行了研究,以評估氯吡格雷對全因死亡率的影響。結果表明,長期(≥12個月)使用氯吡格雷聯(lián)合阿司匹林進行雙重抗血小板治療與短期(≤6個月)使用氯吡格雷聯(lián)合阿司匹林或阿司匹林單藥治療相比,未顯示改變總體死亡風險。而且,長期治療時癌癥相關死亡風險或癌癥相關不良事件也未明顯增加。
參考文獻
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本文摘自《藥物警戒快訊》2016年1月13第1期(總第153期)